Some Basic Networking Commands : Linux/Windows

I this post i am gonna write about some basic Networking commands used in Windows/Linux that i found important.

• Display Network configuration and interfaces
1. windows : "ipconfig" or "ipconfig /all"
2. Linux: "ifconfig" or "ifconfig interface-name"

• Show all running Tasks/Applications
1. windows : "tasklist" 
2. Linux: "ps aux" or "top" (Top is used to show memory and CPU used by running process)

• Kill a task
1. windows : "taskkill -pid 4000" or "taskkill -im iexplore.exe" ( Here -im is for image name)
2. Linux: "kill -9 pid"

• Displays the active TCP connections and ports on which the computer is listening
1. windows : "netstat -a"
2. Linux: "netstat -an"

• Diagnose the Domain Name System (DNS) : Resolves a hostname to IP address
1. windows : "nslookup google.com" 
2. Linux: "dig google.com"

• Ping : tool used to test whether a particular host is reachable or not.
1. windows/Linux IPv4 : "ping 74.125.236.73"
2. Windows/Linux IPv6: "ping6 9901::1"

• Path Ping : To see all the routers present in path to Destination
1. windows : "pathping google.com" 
2. Linux: "tracepath google.com"

• Assign IP/Subnet to Linux interfaces

1. Linux - IPv4 : "ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.0"
2. or Linux - IPv4 : "ifconfig eth0 2.2.2.2/24"
3. Linux - IPv6 : "ifconfig eth1 inet6 add 9901::2/64 "

• Delete IP from Linux interfaces
1. Linux - IPv4 : "ifconfig eth1 del 2.2.2.3 netmask 255.255.255.0"
2. Linux - IPv6 : "ifconfig eth1 inet6 del 9901::2/64"

• Change MTU(Maximum Transmit Unit through an Interface) of Linux interfaces
1. Linux : "ifconfig interface_name mtu value"
2. Linux : "ifconfig eth1 mtu 1300"

• Print routing tables
1. windows : "netstat -r" or "route print"
2. Linux- IPv4: "route -A inet" or "route -4" or "ip route"
3. Linux -IPv6: "route -A inet6" or "route -6" or "ip -6 route"

• Add/Delete static routes
1. windows- IPv4 : "route add 10.10.10.0 mask 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.12"
2. Windows - IPv6 : "netsh interface ipv6 add route 9901::/64 "Local Area Connection" 2001::1"
3. Linux-IP4: "route add -net 3.3.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 1.1.1.1"
4. Linux-IP4: "ip route add 3.3.3.0/24 via 1.1.1.1"
5. Linux-IP6: "route -A inet6 add 9901::/64 gw 2001:0db8:0:f101::1"
6. Linux-IP6: "ip -6 route add 9901::/64 via 2001:0db8:0:f101::1"

• Trace route : to diagnostic tool for displaying the route
1. windows : "tracert google.com"
2. Linux: "traceroute google.com"

• Secure Shell :SSH is a network protocol for secure data communication and remote command execution

1. SSH-IPv4 : "ssh username@IPv4_address" Ex: ssh root@74.125.236.73 then it will ask you for password.
2. SSH-IPv6: "ssh username@IPv6_address"  Ex : ssh username@9901::1.

• Secure FTP : SFTP is a network protocol that provides file access, file transfer, and file management functionalities over any reliable data stream.
1. SFTP-IPv4 : "sftp username@IPv4_address". Ex: sftp root@74.125.236.73
2. Linux: "sftp username@[IPv6_address]". Ex:  sftp username@[9901::15]
• Secure Copy or SCP : Secure copy or SCP is a means of securely transferring computer files between a local host and a remote host or between two remote hosts. It is based on the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol.

1. SCP Linux : scp  username@IP:/Dir/File_name /local_dir
2. Ex:     scp  root@10.217.208.40:/root/roy.txt .
3. SCP windows : For windows you can use, WinSCP. Its a GUI based tool.

How to Use Android Phone as a Modem

In this post I am gonna show you how to use Your Android 4.1 (Jelly beans)  Phone as a Modem to access internet in your Tablet/Laptop.
There are three ways to do this.

1.Wireless : This is the easiest and simplest way.This will create a wireless network.There is no need to have USB cable. Just follow these steps:

• In your Smart phone go to Settings -> More -> Mobile networks. checks on the Data enabled and set your access point name and Network Operators.
• Now go to Settings -> More -> Tethering & Portable hotspot. Click on the Setup Wi-Fi Hotspot and set SSID and Password. Password must have at least 8 characters. Click on save.
• Now Enable Portable Wi-Fi hotspot.
• Go to your laptop, iPad or any device which supports WiFi, search for available wireless networks and select “AndroidAP” option.
• Thats it. You are now connected with internet. Just go to your Browser and open google.com.

2. PDANet : PDANet With over 6 million downloads and a 4.5+ user ratings in Android Market, PdaNet has become one of the top 10 Android applications of all time. At just one click, PdaNet instantly shares the Internet access of your Android phone with your computer. It does NOT require root access or hacking your phone's firmware. It works on all Android phones.

Follow the steps below to install and configure PDANet. For more info click here.

• Go the Android Market on your cell phone. Use the search function and enter the following search: "pdanet". Download and Install the PDANet 3.50.
• Go to Settings enable USB debugging mode. Settings -> Developer options -> USB debugging.
• Download and Install the PDANet for your Windows and Mac. Restart your computer once installation is complete
• Now connect your android Device using USB cable.
• Open PdaNet on your Android and tap "Enable USB Tether" to enable your Android to act as the modem for your computer. 
• Now click on PDANet icon on your computer and choose "connect internet". This will connect your PC to the Internet via your cell phone. Just go to your Browser and open Google.com.
• Your can also send SMS by your phone using PDANet. Just click on PDANet Icon and select "start SMS agent". A new window will be opened. Choose contact and send SMS.

3. FoxFi : FoxFi enables WiFi or Bluetooth Hotspot on your Android phone - no tether plan or rooting required. Bluetooth mode works for all phones. WiFi mode currently works on most Samsung/Motorola/LG phones and new HTC phones with Android 4.0 (HTC One etc).

• To install FoxFi just go to Google play and search for this app.
• For WiFi mode enter WiFi Name and password ( at least 8 characters) then Activate WiFi Hotspot.
• For Bluetooth, Activate Bluetooth DUN.

Google search features and image search

In this post I am gonna show you , how to use Google Search effectively.

1. Image Search : Drag the image to search box on image.google.com to find the similar image on Internet. The first result guesses the best possible information about the image. You can color filter the search by clicking on "Visually similar" on left pannel to find similar type of images for that image.
2. Define "word": Google can be used as a dictionary using 'Define' keyword.  Ex: Define gravity
3. Site keyword : To search with in a website site keyword is used. Ex: engineering site:iitbhu.ac.in
4. Filetype keyword :  To search specific file over the internet. Ex: filetype:mp3 jenifer lopez 
5. Intext : Operator to ensure the word you want, is actually on the page you find. Ex: engineering site:iitbhu.ac.in intext:cse
6. Weather "city-name" : To know weather of a city. Ex: weather bangalore
7. Minus operator : To exclude  keywords in the search result .Ex : engineering site:iitbhu.ac.in -cse
8. Sunrise "city" : To know the time of sunrise in particular city. Ex: sunrise bangalore
9. Time "City" : Ex: time bangalore
10. Movies "city" :Ex: movies Bangalore
11. Population "City" : Population of a city,country. Ex: population india
12. Area "city" : Ex- area bangalore

Useful Indicators for Ubuntu

Hey Guys, Welcome back after a long period of time.
In this post, I am going to talk about various system monitor and other useful indicator for Ubuntu.


System Monitor Indicator

1. System Load Monitor indicate the usage of CPU, Memory(RAM), Network Upload and Download speed, Disk read and Write speed and available SWAP space.
2. Follow these command to install it.

• " sudo add-apt-repository ppa:indicator-multiload/stable-daily "
• " sudo apt-get update "
• " sudo apt-get install indicator-multiload "

Weather Indicator

Install using Command Line

• " sudo apt-get install indicator-weather "

Reset Forgotten Windows Passwords

Hi guys, this is my new blog post about resetting forgotten windows password !
You have lost your windows password.what would you do now ?
Here is the solution Trinity Rescue Kit. For this you will need a Pendrive or Blank CD.I have used this software many times. It is the best available software for resetting windows password.

Trinity Rescue Kit or TRK is a free live Linux distribution that aims specifically at recovery and repair operations on Windows machines, but is equally usable for Linux recovery issues.

It is possible to boot TRK in three different ways:
- Bootable CD : Use FreeIsoBurner , MagicISO or any other software that your like to create bootable CD.
- USB stick/disk
- From network over PXE

Features :

1. Reset lost or forgotten Windows passwords.
2. Recover lost or deleted files.
3. Recover lost partitions.
4. Clone NTFS-formatted Windows drives.

Download :

You can download the latest version of TRK from here

Enjoy !!!

Encrypt and Decrypt files in ubuntu

ccrypt is a utility for encrypting and decrypting files. It is based on the Rijndael cipher, which is the U.S. government's chosen candidate for the Advanced Encryption Standard . This cipher is believed to provide very strong security.

To install it run the following command:

• " sudo apt-get install ccrypt "

To Encrypt the file run following command:

• " ccrypt filename "

You will be prompted to submit desired password to encrypt file which will be required to decrypt the file.

To Decrypt run following command:

• " ccrypt -d filename "

Enjoy !!!

Create command shortcut (Alias) in Ubuntu

There are many commands that we use very frequently. Some of these commands are lengthy so it takes time to write these commands again and again. In ubuntu we can create shortcut for these commands which is called alias .To create aliases in ubuntu follow these steps:

1. Create a text file in your home directory

• " gedit ~/.bash_aliases "

2. Now  to add alias follow this syntax and put this into .bash_aliases file:

• " alias Short_command='Original_long_command' "

Example :    alias update='sudo apt-get update'

These are the few tips related to alias

1. To check current aliases list: alias
2. To check an existing alias: alias ALIAS_NAME
3. To remove an existing alias: unalias ALIAS_NAME

Enjoy !!!